BECOME A COMPUTER LITERATE

If you are new to computer science or you don't have any idea about computer, then this article will really help you how to become computer literate.

- Try to find a real person to help you; but not online. Ask your own kids or friends. They know a lot about the computer, Don't ask too many question. Also, check-out books at the library about computers.

- Make sure the books you look at are up-to-date. Make sure your computer is good for your use. Know about good computer configuration.

- First learn few basic steps on the computer. Learn how to turn the computer on and off. How to log-off using Windows XP and how to put discs in the disc drive.

- Learn about the programs and applications that you are using. Install them on the computer by placing the CD into the disc drive and following the installation wizard that pop-up on the screen. After installing, play around with the application. this will help you understand the program better. Remember some applications require good knowledge about installation procedure. During your learning process, if you are installing any application or program, know about that program or any expert is required to install.

- Learn a little about some of the chat programs or messengers. But, cautious about unknown people.

- Create your email account, which will be required to just register (free registration) with any website. 

Examples: www.yahoomail.com; www.gmail.com. These domains provide free registration services.

- When you are working on a computer, which connected to internet, then always cautious about bad people online. They will send viruses, cookie grabbers and Trojan horses. So, better you install anti-virus software and keep it up-to-date. And also learn how to protect your computer by installing anti-spy and anti-virus software.

- Explore a little on the web. Visit http://www.google.com to search for sites that focus on some of your interests.

- You can download ebooks, software or other, but be careful about it. Always keep anti-virus up-to-date.

- Always learn about new things, get tips, help by searching; for example, photoshop help, goto www.google.com and search for "photoshop help".

So, follow these steps and take others suggestions in order to become good computer literate.

BRIC - ESSAY OR ARTICLE - (SCHOOL / COLLEGE)

BRIC :: ESSAY ON BRIC - (Brazil, Russia, India & China):

Introduction: Concept of BRIC (Brazil, Russia, India and China) was first articulated by Goldman Sachs in 2003. Analysts point out that the concept of BRIC was adopted by the four countries - Brazil, Russia, India and China - as part of their foreign diplomacy, particularly with reference to their reservations towards some of the policies defended by the US at international fora. If any Economic crises arises, the four countries compliment each other.

Goldman Sachs report "Dreaming with BRICs : The Path to 2050", which focused on the economic potential of BRIC points out that the four countries fully complement with each other. India and China are strong in manufacturing, while Brazil and Russia could become the major raw material suppliers to the first two. Russia is one of the largest producer of hydrocarbons and Brazil of bio-fuel, while India and China are major importers of energy resources for their growing economies. Brazil, like Russia is politically closer to Venezuela, a major oil producer. Russia, India and China are more acceptable to the Central Asian, raw material, tigers with immense energy resources. By 2050, the economies of the four BRIC countries could disturb the pecking order of the rich countries, according to the Goldman Sach report. Collectively, the wealth of the BRIC countries would outstrip that of the G-6 countries (the US, the UK, France, Germany, Japan and Italy). The first standalone meeting of the Foreign Ministers of BRIC was held at Yekaterinburg, Russia in May 16, 2008. And the agenda for the Meeting - Economics and Cooperation at the Multilateral Fora.

Joint Communique:
1. Need for Building a More Democratic International System: The Joint Communique on the BRIC meeting emphasised on the need for building a more democratic international system founded on the rule of law and multilateral diplomacy with the UN playing the central role.

2. Problems of Poverty, Hunger and Diseases could be solved within a Just Global Economic System: The Communique stressed that the acute problems of poverty, hunger and diseases could be solved only if due account is taken of the interests of all nations and within a just global economic system.

3. Call for Resolving Disputes through Political and Diplomatic Efforts: The Communique also called for resolving disputes through political and diplomatic efforts.

4. Call for Adopting a Cooperative Approach to International Security: The Communique called for adopting a cooperative approach to international security that would factor in the concerns of all and address them in a spirit of dialogue and understanding.

5. Agreement on the Need for Multilateral Efforts to Prevent Arms Race in Outer Space: The BRIC meeting also agreed on the need for multilateral efforts to prevent an arms race in outer space. Russia proposed that India and Brazil co-sponsor a draft treaty banning weapons in outer space which Russia and China tabled at the UN in 2007.

Significance of the First Standalone BRIC Foreign Ministers Meeting:
1.Institutionalised BRIC along the Lines of RIC: The first standalone meeting of the BRIC Foreign Ministers on May 16, 2008 at Yekaterinburg in Russia, institutionalised the BRIC forum on the lines of RIC (Russia, India and China). The Foreign Ministers of BRIC agreed to hold regular meetings.

2.Call to Transform BRIC into a Powerful Instrument for Changing the World: The BRIC nations - Brazil, Russia, India and China - vowed to transform their group into a powerful instrument for changing the world. Russia called on BRIC to provide collective leadership to the world to promote the establishment of informal mechanism for collective leadership by the leading countries of the world.

3.BRIC a Unique Combination of Mutually Complementary Economies and Platform to Promote Energy and Food Security: India’s External Affairs Minister Pranab Mukherjee described BRIC as a unique combination of mutually complementary economies and platform to promote energy and food security, fight terrorism and reform global political and financial bodies.

4.BRIC to Support Global Stability and Development: Russia’s Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov pointed out that BRIC would work to support global stability and ensure uninterrupted and manageable global development.

5.BRIC Countries - Fastest Growing Economies and Common Interests: Mr. Lavrov also pointed out that BRIC group had taken shape as the four countries were the world’s fastest growing economies, had many common interests in a globalised world and shared many view on how to build a more democratic, fair and stable world.

6.BRIC and RIC could Eventually Merge: Russian Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov said that in view of the BRIC and RIC meetings he could assert with confidence that the groups’ evolution in the natural course of things would be reflected in the forms of their organisation. Analysts feel that BRIC and RIC could possibly merge into a single group.

ESSAY ON ASEAN - ESSAY OR ARTICLE - (SCHOOL / COLLEGE)

ESSAY ON ASEAN

An ASEAN, with 10 Member Group Formed in 1967. An association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN) is an economic political and cultural organisation of the countries of South East Asia. Members include Thailand, Indonesia, the Philippines, Malaysia, Singapore, Brunei, Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos and Myanmar. China, Japan, South Korea and India are ASEAN's dialogue partners at the summit level. The ASEAN region has a population of 500 million and annual trade worth $720 billion. And, it's headquarters is located at Jakarta (Indonesia).

Treaty of Amity and Cooperation (TAC) is based on security concerns for the region. The Treaty of Amity and Cooperation (TAC) was adopted at the Bali Summit in 1976. A member has to accede to TAC to join the group. It lays down the country’s commitment to the principles of amity and cooperation, in consonance with the spirit of consensus practised by ASEAN. The main intention is to avoid conflict or confrontation.

In 1994, the ASEAN Regional Forum (ARF) was created by ASEAN as a larger platform to discuss security issues relating to the Asia-Pacific region. It became the security plank of the Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) forum, which has 18 members. The ASEAN + 3 forum consists of all 10 members of ASEAN, and China, Japan and South Korea.

On November 29, 2004, the ASEAN nations signed an accord with India and China to create the world’s biggest free trade zone by removing tariffs for their 2 billion people by the decade’s end. This is seen as a significant step in ASEAN’s vision of a trade bloc to rival Europe and North America.

New Charter for a Rule-Based Organisation Adopted at the ASEAN Summit in Singapore in November 2007: Calls for free-trade economic bloc by 2015 Aims for a single Southeast Asian market and production base with free flow of goods, services, investment and capital Aims to promote rule of law, good governance, the principles of democracy and constitutional government. To maintain and enhance peace and security in the region, and to preserve Southeast Asia as a nuclear weapon-free zone. Accords a legal identity to ASEAN for international negotiations and transactions. Non-interference into the affairs of member States.

Significance of the New Charter:
1. ASEAN's First Document in 40 Years of Existence: The new rule-based Charter adopted by the ASEAN at its annual summit in Singapore in November 2007 was the group's first such document in 40 years of existence. The Charter is based on the same principles as its core.

2. Charter a Crucial Step in Making ASEAN Stronger and Relevant with Deeper Regional Integration: The new landmark Charter adopted by the ASEAN was a crucial step in making ASEAN stronger and relevant with accelerated deeper regional integration, according to the Singapore Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong.

SEAN - INDIA SUMMIT

Introduction:
1. India's Look East Policy: India’s “look east” policy was initiated in 1991 by former Prime Minister, Mr. Narasimha Rao. It coincided with India’s economic reforms and stressed on engaging more with its East Asian neighbours. The aim was to get key countries of the region interested in India’s potential as an investment destination.

2. Redefining Neighbourhood: India is now conceptually redefining its neighbourhood. It now sees South-east Asia as a core part of its neighbourhood.

India’s Relations with ASEAN:

1. Relations suffered during the Cold-War period: Indo-ASEAN relations suffered during the Cold-War period due to differing perceptions on different issues. India was always inclined towards the former Soviet Union whereas the ASEAN was pro - US and China.

2. 1991 - Improvement in Relations after Economic Liberalisation by India: In 1991, when India adopted the economic liberalisation programme, trade with individual ASEAN countries increased manifold.

3. 1992 - Sectoral Dialogue Partner: In 1992, India was allotted the sectoral dialogue partner status by the ASEAN. The dialogue focussed on structuring economic and technological cooperation between India and the ASEAN.

4. 1995 - Dialogue Partner: In 1995, India was allotted the status of full-fledged dialogue partner. This allowed India to be a regular participant in the annual dialogue sessions and the ARF that discusses security issues.

5. 2002 - ASEAN-India Summits: From 2002, India-ASEAN annual summit meetings have been institutionalised as a formal structure of the ASEAN’s annual process.

The Importance of ASEAN to India:

a. Strategic and Economic Importance: The Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN) is important to India for security and strategic reasons as well as for commercial, economic and cultural reasons. ASEAN is pivotal to India’s “look east” policy, according to the former Prime Minister, Mr. Vajpayee. The air land and trade routes pass through this region which is of vital importance to India. Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia and Myanmar are endowed with energy resources. India and the ASEAN nations are rich in agriculture, raw materials and natural resources. Thus broadbased economic cooperation can have a positive impact.

b. Emerging Economic Bloc: ASEAN which links 10 Southeast Asian countries is seen by India as an emerging economic bloc for expanding trade ties.

c. India Shares Land and Maritime Boundaries with ASEAN: Since the entry of Myanmar, India shares land and maritime boundaries with the ASEAN region. India has a stake in the peace and stability of the region.

d. Security of Sealanes: The security of sealanes in the Indian Ocean that would facilitate India’s greater commercial activities with the ASEAN countries had assumed an added importance. India was keenly looking forward to close cooperation from the ASEAN nations in this regard.

e. Engagement with ASEAN Based on Stability and Collective Security: India’s engagement with ASEAN must grow steadily. There is an obvious growth potential within the economic arena but concern about China in this region provides the impetus, according to analysts. However, engagement with ASEAN must be based on larger considerations about stability in Asia and the common military and non-military threats.

India’s Importance to ASEAN:

a. India’s Advantage in IT and Pharma Technologies: India can offer ASEAN investments and IT (Information Technology) and pharma technologies among others. India has comparative advantage in services, software and in knowledge-based manufacturing.

b. Access to India’s Large Consumer Market: The ASEAN economies will benefit by access to vast Indian consumer market.

c. Mutuality of Strategic Interest:
- Vulnerable to Terrorism: Some of the ASEAN countries like Indonesia, Philippines, Thailand and Singapore have become vulnerable to terrorism, many aspects of which have a bearing on the terrorist scourge facing India. Hence, there is mutuality of strategic interest between India and the ASEAN. Common threats faced by India and the ASEAN include drug trafficking, piracy at sea and smuggling.

- Strategic Importance Reason Behind Major Powers Interest in the Stability of the Region: Analysts point out that the strategic importance of India and the ASEAN results in the major powers of the world being interested in the stability of the region.

Sixth India-ASEAN Summit (Singapore, November 21, 2007):

India's Proposals:
- Enhancement of Trade with ASEAN: Addressing the sixth India-ASEAN summit in Singapore in November 2007, Prime Minister Manmohan Singh stressed on increasing trade which could become a key element in the search for a robust institutional architecture for regional cooperation and action.

- Bilateral Trade Target of $50 billion by 2010: Dr. Singh proposed to enhance bilateral trade with the ASEAN countries from the current $30 billion to $50 billion by 2010.

- Simpler Visa Regime: A simpler visa regime for businessmen to travel, whereby bona fide businessmen could get visa the same day was proposed.

- India Flexible and Determined to Achieve the Objective of an India-ASEAN Free Trade Agreement (FTA): The Prime Minister assured the ASEAN members that India has shown and will continue to show flexibility and determination to achieve the objective of an India-ASEAN Free Trade Agreement (FTA). Trade between India and ASEAN would increase by 30 per cent annually with the FTA in place.

Significance of the India - ASEAN Summits:
1. Recognition of India as an Emerging Global Player: Analysts point out that ASEAN’s willingness to engage India at this time reflects the recognition of India as an emerging global player - both in terms of economic interests as well as regional security considerations.

2. Institutionalising the Dialogue Process in Significant for Development of Ties: The ASEAN-India annual summit is a significant step in institutionalisation of dialogue as formal structure of the ASEAN’s annual processes. The process of institutionalisation is a significant step in the development of ASEAN’s ties with its summit partners.

3. Strengthening Geo-Political Ties Through Economic Endeavour: The focus is on fine-tuning the network of economic linkages between India and the ASEAN, which together account for a GDP of the order of $1.5 trillion.Indo-ASEAN trade is set to grow from $30 billion to $50 billion in 2010.

4. Mutually Beneficial Cooperation on Countering Terrorism: India’s exchanges with the ASEAN on global and regional terrorist threats will be relevant to both sides. After September, 11, 2001, southeast Asia has emerged as a hub of terrorism. The governments of ASEAN nations have been concerned at the reported linkages between the local terrorist groups with Al-Qaeda.

5. Benefits of Cooperation with ASEAN: Cooperation with ASEAN will help in stabilising relations with China.Overcoming limitations of the lack of progress in the SAARC. Accords signed with ASEAN may contribute to possibilities of cooperation not only between India and the ASEAN but also between ASEAN and India’s neighbours like Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Nepal and Bhutan.

6. Reinforcing Sub-Regional Cooperation: Finally, ASEAN-India dialogue will also help in reinforcing India’s efforts in sub-regional economic cooperation like the BIMST-EC (Bangladesh-India-Myanmar-Sri Lanka-Thailand Economic Cooperation) and Mekong Ganga Cooperation in which India and five ASEAN nations namely Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, Vietnam and Thailand are associated.

AN AMERICAN REVOLUTION - HISTORY - SCHOOL EDUCATION

An American Revolution also known as the Revolutionary War. It began in year 1775. Both British soldiers and American patriots started the war with battles at Lexington and Concord, Massachusetts. The Colonists in America wanted independence from England. The British government attempted to pass some laws, enforce several taxes, and increase more control over the colonies. The colonies strongly objected to these laws and taxes. They wanted England to have no control over them. For 10 years before the war actually started, there was a lot of tension between England and the colonies. The colonies had no central government at the beginning of the war. So, delegates from all the colonies were sent to form the first Continental Congress. George Washington, a former military officer and wealthy Virginian was appointed as a Commander in Chief of the Continental Army. The Members of the Continental Congress wrote a letter to King George of England outlining their complaints and declaring their independence from England. On July 4, 1776, the Continental Congress adopted the Declaration of Independence, in which the colonies declared their independence from England. And finally, the war ended in year 1783. Thus, the United States of America (USA) was born.

ABOUT ANCIENT EGYPT - HISTORY - SCHOOL EDUCATION

About Ancient Egypt: Ancient Egypt has survived for thousands of years. Ancient Egypt was one of the greatest civilisations of the past. The monuments and tombs of their Pharaohs continue to stand today. They are over 4,000 years old. A good portion of the Old Testament takes place in or around Egypt. Egypt also plays a major role in the life of many Biblical people from Moses and Joseph to Jesus. Egypt is situated in the northeast corner of the Africa. A large river called the River Nile flows through the country into the Mediterranean Sea. It flows for 960 miles (i.e., 1545 kilometer). This river allowed the Ancient Egyptian civilisation to survive and grow. All of Egypt depended on the Nile for water, food and transportation. The Nile also provided the ancient Egyptians with fertile land which helped them to grow their crops and raise their animals. The Ancient Egyptians lived along the banks of the river Nile in Egypt. Farmers first settled in Egypt along the River Nile around 5000 B.C.

Egypt is mainly made up of hot deserts and receives little rainfall. Without the River Nile, the area would be entirely desert. Before modern dams were built the Nile River would flood each year coating the land on either side of the river with thick back mud. This mud was ideal for growing crops, because it made the ground very fertile. The people in Ancient Egypt divided Egypt into two areas. The "red land" was the deserts protecting Egypt on two sides. These deserts separated ancient Egypt from neighbouring countries and invading armies. The "black land" was the fertile land (near the Nile River) where the ancient Egyptians grew their crops. Two separate kingdoms (ruled by different kings) developed along the Nile River. The kingdom in Upper Egypt was known as the "White Crown" and the kingdom in Lower Egypt was called the "Red Crown." In about 3200 B. C. the pharaoh of the north conquered the south and Egypt became united. The pharaoh's name was King Narmer or Menes. Menes built a new capital city called Memphis. In the Greek language the word Memphis meant "Balance of the Two Lands."

The people of Ancient Egypt mummified the bodies of their dead. They would remove the internal organs and use oils on the body. They would wrap the body in cloth. Items belonging to the dead person would be buried with them and also things that were believed to be needed in the after life. Some of the Pharaohs would build elaborate tombs called pyramids. They would be buried with their riches. Over the years, many of these tombs have been robbed and destroyed, but some have been found and preserved by archaeologists.

The Ancient Egyptians were plytheastic, which means they believed in many gods and goddesses. Some gods and goddesses offered protection to the people, some took care of them when they died. Many controlled the weather and all were thought to make life run more smoothly if they were worshipped. The Ancient Egyptian form of writing was known as hieroglyphics. Hieroglyphics were pictures that represented words or phrases. The pictures told a story, just like modern letters, when put together, form words and words form sentences. The sentences give information or tell a story.

TIPS TO CONTROL DIABETES

Diabetes is common in these days. Anyone can become diabetic today or some-other day. If you have diabetes, you should know, how to control diabetes to prevent serious health complications. There are some
steps you can take to help keep your blood sugar levels in a healthy range:

- Strictly follow your diet plan.
- Do exercise regularly.
- Take your insulin/pills on the fixed-time.
- Check your blood sugar level daily.
- Learn as much as possible about diabetes.
- Don’t forget to visit your doctor regularly.